Question 1
Fill in the blanks using the correct options:
(i) Employment in the service sector has not increased to the same extent as production.
Answer: has not
Explanation: Although the service sector contributes around 55 % to India’s GVA, employment growth has lagged as many jobs remain informal and unstable. (Source: PRS/Economic Survey 2017‑18)
(ii) Workers in the tertiary sector do not produce goods.
(iii) Most workers in the organised sector enjoy job security.
(iv) A large proportion of labourers in India work in the unorganised sector.
(v) Cotton is a natural product and cloth is a manufactured product.
(vi) The activities in primary, secondary and tertiary sectors are interdependent.
Question 2
Choose the most appropriate answer:
(a) Sectors are classified as public or private based on ownership of enterprises — Answer: (iii)
(b) Production by natural process is in the primary sector — Answer: (i)
(c) GDP is the total value of all final goods and services — Answer: (ii)
(d) In 2017–18, tertiary sector’s GVA share was between 50–60 % — Answer: (iii) (55.2 % share as per Economic Survey)
Question 3
Match the following:
Unirrigated land → (d) Construction of canals
Low crop prices → (b) Cooperative marketing societies
Debt burden → (e) Banks providing low‑interest credit
No off‑season jobs → (a) Setting up agro‑based mills
Forced to sell grains early → (c) Government procurement
Question 4
Find the odd one out and explain why:
(i) Potter — makes goods; others (tourist guide, dhobi, tailor) provide services.
(ii) Vegetable vendor — informal worker; others are professionals.
(iii) Cobbler — self‑employed; others are government employees.
(iv) Jet Airways — private company; others are public sector entities.
Question 5
Fourth row of the table (Surat study): small unregistered workshops → unorganised sector → 50 %.
Total unorganised sector in the city = 20 % (street/domestic) + 50 % (workshops) = 70 %.
Question 6
Ans.:Is classification into primary, secondary and tertiary useful?
Yes. It helps analyze how sectors contribute differently to GDP and employment, track economic structure, and guide policy decisions.
Question 7
Ans.:Why focus on employment and GVA per sector? What else matters?
Employment shows living standards; GVA measures economic value added. Other important issues include wages, job security, gender equity, informality.
Question 8
Ans.:Examples of adult work around you:
Primary: farmer, fisherman. Secondary: carpenter, tailor. Tertiary: teacher, shopkeeper, driver.
Question 9
Ans.:How is the tertiary sector different?
It provides services, not goods. For example, education (teacher), transport (bus driver), banking (bank teller).
Question 10
Ans.:What is disguised unemployment? Explain with rural and urban examples.
Disguised unemployment occurs when there are more workers than needed, so extra workers add no output. (Source: Investopedia / MapsofIndia)
Rural example: Five people work a farm needing only three. Urban example: extra cleaners in a shop where one suffices.
Question 11
Ans.:Distinguish between open unemployment and disguised unemployment:
Open: person wants work but doesn’t have any. Disguised: person is “employed” but productivity doesn’t change if he/she leaves.
Question 12
Ans.:“Tertiary sector is not playing a significant role...” Agree or disagree?
Disagree. The services sector contributed ~55 % to India’s GVA in 2017‑18. (Source: Economic Survey, PRS) It generates skilled jobs and supports other sectors.
Question 13
Ans.:What two kinds of people does the service sector employ?
1. Highly skilled/formal workers (e.g. IT professionals, doctors). 2. Low‑income informal workers (e.g. street vendors, domestic helpers).
Question 14
Ans.:Are workers in the unorganised sector exploited?
Yes — they often face low wages, no job security, lack of benefits, and unsafe working conditions.
Question 15
Ans.:How are activities in the economy classified on the basis of employment conditions?
Organised sector = registered jobs with contracts and benefits. Unorganised sector = informal jobs, irregular pay, no benefits.
Question 16
Ans.:Compare employment in organised vs unorganised sector:
Organised: job security, regular pay, benefits (e.g. bank employee). Unorganised: low wages, no security, no benefits (e.g. street vendor).
Question 17
Ans.:Explain the objectives of implementing the MGNREGA 2005:
• Guarantee 100 days paid work per rural household per year. • Build rural infrastructure (roads, ponds, canals). • Treat work as legal right; unemployment allowance if not provided within 15 days. • Reduce distress migration by ensuring local work availability. • Promote inclusion and gender equity (50% women, equal wages).
(Sources: MGNREGA Act; PIB; Mysuru campaign report)
Question 18
Ans.:Compare public and private sector activities (local examples):
Public: government school, municipal hospital (affordable + welfare). Private: tuition centres, private clinics (fee‑based).
Question 19
Ans.:Examples of well‑managed and badly‑managed organisations:
Public sector: Metro (efficient) vs overcrowded government schools (poor service). Private: reputable private school vs shop with bad customer service.
Question 20
Ans.:Why does government run public sector activities? Examples:
Activities: Railways, electricity, public hospitals, postal services. Government runs them to ensure essential services are affordable and accessible to all.
Question 21
Ans.:How public sector contributes to development:
Provides infrastructure, social services, employment; supports private sector’s productivity and inclusive growth.
Question 22: The workers in the unorganised sector need protection on the following issues : wages, safety and health. Explain with examples.
Ans.:Protection for unorganised workers: wages, safety, health—explain with examples.
Wages: ensure minimum fair pay to construction/domestic workers. Safety: helmets/gloves for labourers. Health: access to insurance for street vendors or cleaners.
Question 23
A study in Ahmedabad found that out of 15,00,000 workers in the city, 11,00,000 worked in the unorganised sector. The total income of the city in this year (1997-1998) was Rs 60,000 million. Out of this Rs 32,000 million was generated in the organised sector. Present this data as a table. What kind of ways should be thought of for generating more employment in the city?
Ans.:Organised sector: 4,00,000 workers → Rs 32,000 million income. Unorganised: 11,00,000 workers → Rs 28,000 million. Total: 1,500,000 workers; Rs 60,000 million.
To create jobs: promote small industries, skill training, urban services, and support micro‑enterprises with credit and markets.
Question 24
Analyze GVA data, compute sector shares and draw conclusions:
2000: Primary ~30%, Secondary ~25%, Tertiary ~45%
2013: Primary ~20%, Secondary ~28%, Tertiary ~52%
Conclusion: The tertiary sector grew fastest and now dominates, industry expanded, agriculture's share declined.
(Based on GVA data trend from 2000 to 2013)