IGNOU BCOC-132 Solved Assignments PDF Download 2025-26
Assignment carries 30% weightage in the final assessment. To be eligible for the Term-End Examination, submission of assignments as per schedule is compulsory. Carefully read instructions in the Programme Guide before attempting.
These assignments are valid for two admission cycles: 1 July 2025 and 30 June 2026.
- Enrolled in 1 July 2025 – Valid up to December 2025
- Enrolled in January 2026 – Valid up to June 2026
Here is the IGNOU Solved Assignments Free PDF Download 2025 for BCOC 132 Business Organisation and Management. These answers are prepared for students submitting assignments in October 2025 and March 2026. Students can also refer this or visit the official IGNOU eGyankosh for study material.
University Details
- University: IGNOU
- Assignment Title: Business Organisation and Management
- Course Code: BCOC-132
- Program Code: BCOMG
- Session: 1 July 2025 – 30 June 2026
SECTION – A (10 Marks Each)
Q1. What is business? Explain its features and objectives. State the differences among business, profession, and employment.
Answer:
Business refers to any activity engaged in producing, buying, or selling goods and services mainly for earning profit. It is an organized effort by individuals or groups to satisfy people’s needs and wants.
Features of business:
- Continuous activity: Business involves regular buying and selling, not one-time deals.
- Profit motive: The main aim is to earn money.
- Risk and uncertainty: There is always a chance of loss due to unexpected factors.
- Production or distribution: Business focuses on making goods or delivering services.
- Involves exchange: Transactions mean goods/services are exchanged for money.
- Requires capital: Money and resources are needed for operations.
- Needs organization: Proper planning and management help run the enterprise.
Objectives of business:
- To earn profit for growth and future security.
- To expand activities and reach more customers over time.
- To provide quality products/services for customer satisfaction.
- To create employment and help others earn.
- To contribute to society by paying taxes, creating jobs, and responsible actions.
Differences among business, profession, and employment:
| BASIS | Business | Profession | Employment |
|---|---|---|---|
| MOTIVE | Profit earning | Service motive | Earning salary |
| QUALIFICATION | No formal qualification | Special qualification | As per job needs |
| RISK | High risk | Low risk | No risk |
| REWARD | Profit | Fees | Salary |
Business aims for profit, profession focuses on service with skill, and employment is mostly for earning a salary without risk.
Q2. What do you understand by centralization and decentralization? What are the advantages of decentralization?
Answer:
Centralization means all decision-making powers rest with the highest level of management. Lower levels simply follow instructions without much authority. Decentralization spreads decision-making across various levels, allowing managers at different positions to take responsibility.
Advantages of decentralization:
- Decisions can be made quickly at the local or departmental level.
- Top managers have reduced workload and can focus on important issues.
- Employees at lower levels feel more motivated and confident because they have authority.
- It improves coordination as different departments work independently but smoothly.
- Leadership and creativity are encouraged, since people use their own judgement.
Q3. Explain Herzberg’s two-factor theory and differentiate it from Maslow’s theory of Need Hierarchy.
Answer:
Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory divides factors influencing motivation into:
- Hygiene Factors: Include pay, job security, working conditions, company policies. These prevent dissatisfaction but do not motivate.
- Motivators: Include achievement, recognition, responsibility, and growth opportunities. These create positive motivation and satisfaction.
Difference from Maslow’s Theory:
| Basis | Maslow | Herzberg |
|---|---|---|
| Focus | Five need levels | Two sets of job factors |
| Order | Hierarchy (stepwise) | No fixed order |
| Type | Psychological needs | Job satisfaction factors |
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Note: This solved assignment has been prepared only for students’ academic help and better understanding of the subject. It is intended to be used solely as a reference for preparing your own work.